Death Cap mushroom Essay Example for Free

Death Cap mushroom Essay If you took RNA polymerase out of the equation? Human cells use RNA polymerase to make a template of a cell’s DNA. It is one of the first steps in the process of eventual protein production. RNA is the enzyme that makes RNA chains using genes found in DNA as a pattern. These specific genetic codes are  expressed on mRNA. When the toxin blocks the action of RNA  polymerase, it by default, stops the production of mRNA in the transcription phase. mRNA, if available, goes on to the translation phase and is read by tRNA. In the reading of the mRNA pattern, tRNA matches the correct amino acid to that specific pattern. The amino acids are read and placed three at a time to match the mRNA codon. From these codon of amino acids, polypeptides are formed with the help of the cell’s ribosome. In turn, these polypeptides form to make proteins. (Hudon-Miller, 2012) What’s the big deal about protein? Proteins, the performers of the cell, cause action at all levels of cellular functioning. At the cellular level protein is needed to reproduce that cell, for cell structure and functioning. Proteins are also used as enzymes to begin other biochemical functions that affect everything from immunity to electrolyte balance. The liver’s function has decreased because the proteins needed to make it’s cells work have been blocked by alpha-amanitin’s ability to stop protein production simply by blocking the function of RNA polymerase. These proteins are so important that without them you die as they destroy first your body’s filters, the liver and the kidneys. (Hudon-Miller, 2012; Santi, et al., 2012) References Luca Santi, Caterina Maggioli, Marianna Mastroroberto, Manuel Tufoni, Lucia Napoli, and Paolo Caraceni, â€Å"Acute liver failure caused by amanita phalloides poisoning.† International Journal of Hepatology, vol. 2012, Article ID 487480, 6 pages, 2012. doi:10.1155/2012/487480 Hudon-Miller, S. (2012) Death cap mushrooms. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=vXONgeDC31Afeature=youtu.be

Anti-hygroscopicity of Ammonium Nitrate (AN)

Anti-hygroscopicity of Ammonium Nitrate (AN) Anti-hygroscopicity of Ammonium Nitrate (AN) coated by surfactant materials Baha Eldien Ismail Abd Allah Elzaki1,2, Zhang Yue Jun2 Abstract The ammonium nitrate (AN) particles were coated by surfactant materials, using precipitation coating method. The hygroscopicity of AN coated and AN without coating (used as control) were tested, and the samples of AN coated by surfactant materials, and were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and surface morphology of samples were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mass friction of coating layer, and decline of absorption rate were calculated. The results indicate that cetylalcohol promising coating surfactant material for AN among the materials tested, namely, stearic acid, octadecylamine, alcohol, palmitic acid, and lauric acid. The mass friction of coating layer, and decline of absorption rate of AN coated by cetylalcohol were 0.98%, and 28.28%, respectively. The idea and approach presented in this paper have potential to made hydrophobic surface on the surface of AN particles to become anti-hygroscopicity. and also used in other energetic materials t o reduce sensitivity. Keywords: Ammonium nitrate (AN); Hygroscopicity; Anti-hygroscopicity; Surfactant materials, Precipitation coating Introduction: Ammonium nitrate (AN) (NH4NO3), is produced by the reaction of anhydrous ammonia gas(NH3), and aqueous nitric acid (HNO3) [1, 2]. Which is present as the major component in most industrial explosives, such as amatol, ANFO, and also used in fertilizers[3-6]. AN is of considerable interest as potential eco- friend oxidizing in solid propellants[2, 7-9]. The risks of used oxidizer ammonium perchlorate (AP) in solid propellants was realized with the hydrogen chloride (HCL) with water form hydrochloric acid which produces highly toxic smoke, this cause significant damage to the environment, due this is reason replaced by AN as oxidizer in solid propellants[10, 11]. It is one of the cheapest, and easily available oxidizer. However, its use in large rocket motors and as solid propellants is restricted due to the hygroscopicity[12]. The molecules of AN are polar it easy absorb the polar moisture from the surrounding, leads to dissolved AN[13]. R.S. Damse used waterproofing materials mineral jelly and other to reduce hygroscopicity of AN[14]. Kun-Lun Hu et.at., used octadecane amine, resin wax and etc as coating agent for coating AN particles (20- 04 meshes), used melting process. Zhang et.al. used silane coupling agent KH792 for coating AN particles (50-75 meshes), used surface chemical coating[15]. The present work deals with a new approach to form the hydrophobic layer on the surface AN particles, by precipitation surfactant materials on the surface of AN molecules. to increase the decline of absorption rate, and decrease mass friction of coating layer, in the conditions of absorption rate measurement, the size of particles of AN are 70-140 meshes, temperature is 35 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™, and the relative humidity is 67.5%. Materials and Method: Materials: AN supplied by Kecheng fine chemical CO. Ltd (+99.0% Shanghai, China ), Trichloromethane (+99.0%, Shanghai Ling Feng Chemical Reagent Co. LTD , China), and Cyclohexane (≠¥99.5% Industrial development zone, Chengdu, China). Surfactant materials used AlcoholC18, Stearic Acid, Cetylalcohol, Palmic acid, and Lauric acid (≠¥99.0% Chengdu Kelong chemical Reagent , China), Octadecylamine (≠¥99%Tianjin Fine Chemical Research Institute). Method. 6g of AN coated by 2g of surfactant materials in 15ml chloroform and 15ml cyclohexane. The reaction with stirring at 60oC about 2 h stopped heat, let the reaction contents cooling, the temperature decreasing to 35oC in 5 h, at this stage the water of bath heating was changed, and when the temperature reach to 30oC, the end of reaction. AN coated was filtered by vacuum filter, and drying at 50oC, after drying 5g of AN coated tested at35à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™, humidity is 67.5% absorption rate test 24h Measurement of absorption rate. The samples were weighed 5g in 30Ãâ€"60 mm weighing bottle without cap, placed in a desiccator containing saturated solution of strontium chloride (relative humidity 68%) of the absorbent 35 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™ 24 h, absorption rate of humidity HR was measured by the following equation: Where: HR- absorption rate,%; M0 absorbent sample before mass, g; M mass of the sample after the moisture, g. Mass fraction of coating layer test. Mass friction of coating layer was determined by wetted the filtration paper, dried 1h in an oven weighting (WB). A sample of AN coated after absorption humidity was dissolved in water, and filtered through a tapered funnel, the filter paper was washed by water several times, and placed in an oven 1h, weighing again(WA). The mass fraction of the coating layer was calculated by the following equation: Where: W- mass fraction of coating layer,%. M0 mass of sample before absorbed moisture, g. M1 mass of coating layer, g= WA WB Decline of moisture absorption rate was calculated by following equation: Where: A- decline of moisture absorption rate,%. HR1 absorption rate of AN sample,%. HR2 absorption rate of coated AN sample,%. Characterization. Spectra of the samples were recorded on a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific Nicolet I S10, Thermo Fisher USA) by using KBr pellets. Surfaces modified were observed for their morphological study under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (JEOL JSM 6380LV, Japan). Results and Discussion The absorption rate , mass friction of coating layer and decline of AN coated by different kind of surfactant materials are presented in table 1, in this table used cetylalcohol, alcohol C18, octadecylamine, stearic acid, Palmitic acid, and lauric acid to coated AN , the data from hygroscopicity test clearly indicate that cetylalcohol is the best surfactant materials to coating AN lower mass friction of coating layer was 0.98%, and high decline of absorption rate was 28.28%. Stearic acid and octadecylamine were found second and third best, respectively, while alcohol C18, Palmitic acid and lauric acid followed the order sequentially (table 1). It is seen that when change the concentration of solvents, the decline of absorption rate of AN coated by cetylalcohol, stearic acid, and octadecylamine were slightly decreased, and the decline of AN coated by alcohol C18, Palmitic acid, and Lauric acid were slightly increased (table 2). Also the best coating surfactant materials is cetylalcoho l, has highly decline was 24.09%, and lower mass friction coating layer was 0.89%. Table (1) 2g of surfactant materials, 6 g of AN, 15 mL of chloroform + 15 mL cyclohexane HR measurement conditions (70 mesh 140 mesh or more T = 35 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™ humidity is 67.5%) No Surfactants Absorption Rate % Mass friction of coating layer% Decline % 1 Cetylalcohol 5.85 0.98 28.28 2 Stearic acid 6.45 1.20 19.89 3 Octadecylamine 7.71 1.18 19.62 4 Alcohol C18 6.42 0.39 13.13 5 Palmitic acid 6.11 1.14 3.52 6 Lauric acid 6.24 0.87 3.79 Table (2) 2g of surfactant materials, 6 g of AN, 30 mL of chloroform, at 60oC, HR measurement conditions (70 mesh 140 mesh or more T = 35 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™ humidity is 67.5%). No. surfactants Hygroscopicity (HR) % Mass friction of coating layer% Decline % 1 Cetylalcohol 5.61 0.89 24.09 2 Stearic acid 6.39 2.56 13.53 3 Octadecylamine 6.42 2.23 13.13 4 Alcohol C18 6.12 1.48 17.19 5 Palmitic acid 6.21 0.46 15.97 6 Lauric acid 6.17 0.48 16.51 In figure 1 observed the effect of time on hygroscopicity of AN coated by surfactant materials (cetylalcohol (a), alcohol C18(b), and stearic acid(c)) and AN without coating (d) were tested in the hygroscopicity test conditions were size of particles of AN were 70-140 meshes, temperature was 35 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™, and the relative humidity was 67.5%. The absorption rate directly proportional with time. The lowest regression was obtained from AN coated by cetylalcohol (a), and the highest regression was obtained from AN without coating(d). The absorption rate of AN coated by cetylalcohol is significant than reported in Previous studies[16, 17]. Figure (1) effect of time on the hygroscopicity (Absorption rate) of AN coated by cetylalcohol (a), alcohol C18 (b), stearic acid (c), and AN without coated (d) The influence of the amount of surfactant materials on the decline of absorption rate and mass friction of coating layer were studies on the AN coated by different amounts of cetylalcohol, (0.5, 1.0 1.5, 2.0. and 2.5 g), the regression of decline of absorption rate was increased to high value at 2.0 g of cetylalcohol, then decreased at 2.5g of cetylalcohol, this is due to polar head of surfactant not precipitated on the surface of AN particles, and this causes hydrophilic surface leads to increased hygroscopicity, thus, decreased decline of absorption rate. The mass friction of coating layer directly proportional with the amount of surfactant materials(figure 2). This results significant than results reported in literature[18, 19]. Figure (2) effect of amount of surfactants materials on the absorption rate and mass friction of coating layer. In the measurement of absorption rate used 30Ãâ€"60 mm weighing bottle without cap, the effect of amount of sample in this bottle was studied, the weight of samples were tested 10, 15, 20, and 25 g. The regression of absorption rate is inversely proportional to the weight of the sample, in the both AN coated by cetylalcohol, and AN without coating (figure 3). Figure (3) effect of weight of samples on the absorption rate Characterization: FTIR Absorption Spectra. The surface modified of AN and AN without modified were monitored by using FTIR measurement as depicted in figure 4. Alkanes C-H stretch peak around 3000-2850 cm-1was appeared after coating AN by cetylalcohol (a), higher than AN by alcohol C18, and steric acid in (b) and (d), respectively. Alkanes no appeared in AN without coating in (c). Hence, alkenes non polar has effected on hygroscopicity. Figure 4 FTIR spectra of the ammonium nitrate coated by cetylalcohol (a); ammonium nitrate coated by alcohol C18 (b); ammonium nitrate without coating (c); ammonium nitrate coated by steric acid (d). Scanning Electron Microscopy. The surface morphology in figure (5) presented the AN coated by cetylalcohol has a clear difference in shape particles and the surface smooth than, AN coated by stearic acid (figure 6), octadecylamine(figure 7) , and alcohol C18(figure 8), and ammonium nitrate without coating were observed in figure 9. Figure 5. Scanning electron microscope of surface modification of AN coated by cetylalcohol. The scale bar represents,100 µm. Electron micrographs. Figure 6. Scanning electron microscope of surface modification of AN coated by stearic acid. The scale bar represents, 100 µm. Electron micrographs. Figure 7. Scanning electron microscope of surface modification of AN coated by Octadecylamine. The scale bar represents, 100 µm. Electron micrographs. Figure 8. Scanning electron microscope of surface modification of AN coated by alcohol C18. The scale bar represents, 100 µm. Electron micrographs. Figure 9. Scanning electron microscope of surface of AN without coating. The scale bar represents, 100 µm. Electron micrographs. Conclusions. In this study the cetylalcohol has been found to be the best surfactant materials for coating ammonium nitrate among the materials tested. The mass friction of coating layer of cetylalcohol was found 0.98%, and decline 28.28%, at the hygroscopicity test conditions temperature 30oC, 68% RH, and time 24h. the optimum amount of surfactant material 2g to coating 6g Ammonium nitrate. The samples were characterized by using FTIR spectra, and SEM. The weight of samples in hygroscopicity test effected significantly on the hygroscopicity of AN.

Barbie Essay -- essays papers

Barbie Since the beginning of time, toys have often been an indicator of the way a society behaves, and how they interact with their children. For example, in ancient Greece, artifacts recovered there testify that children were simply not given toys to play with as in the modern world. The cruel ritual of leaving a sick child on a hillside for dead, seems to indicate a lack of attention to the young (Lord 16). The same is true of today’s society. As you can see with the number of toy stores in our society, we find toys of great value to our lives and enjoy giving them to children as gifts. Ask just about any young girl what she wants for Christmas and you’ll undoubtedly get the same answer: â€Å"A Barbie.† But what exactly has caused this baby boomer Barbie craze, and how did the entire world get so caught up in it? The answer lies in Ruth Handler’s vision for the first children’s adult doll. Mrs. Handler’s eleven and one-half-inch chunk of plastic began causing problems even before it’s public debut in 1959, yet has managed to become one of America’s favorite dolls. Ruth Handler and her two young children, Barbara and Ken, were merely sightseeing in Lucerne, Switzerland, when Mrs. Handler first saw the doll she herself had been trying to create (Lord 29). In the window of a small gift shop was an eleven and one-half-inch tall plastic doll with a slender woman’s body and a long blond ponytail. Her name was Lilli (â€Å"Bad Girl† 1). She had been created from a cartoon character in a West German tabloid similar to the National Inquirer (Lord 8). Dressed provocatively, and with a seductive look in her eye, Lilli had become a â€Å"popular pornographic gag gift for men† (â€Å"Bad Girl† 1). Excited to see her long-time idea a reality, Mrs. Handler bought three of the dolls and hurried home to begin work on her own doll (â€Å"Bad Girl† 2). It was 1956, and within three years, Mattel Creations began marketing the â€Å"teenage fashion model† as â€Å"a new kind of doll from real life† (Tosa 30). The new doll, deemed â€Å"Barbie†, was named after her own daughter Barbara, who’s many years of play with paper dolls had actually inspired her to begin designing the three-dimensional adult doll (Lord 30). Though Mrs. Handler’s version of the doll was not as racy or alluring as Lilli, her imitation of the â€Å"German streetwalker† would come back to haunt her many years later (†Bad ... ...body and a new focus, she has plans to become even more spectacular with many new adventures and many new friends. Barbie’s new look includes a wider waist, smaller hips, a less â€Å"torpedo-like† bust, and flat rather than pointy-toed feet (â€Å"Bad Girl† 3). She is also playing an active role in new research in prosthetics. Jane Bahor, a woman who makes replacement body parts, had experimented with the plastic knee joints in Barbie’s legs. She has found that they work well as prosthetic fingers for her patients because they â€Å"are more realistic-looking and useful†. So far, Bahor has provided the replacement joints for more than a dozen of her patients and has been extremely successful in her studies (â€Å"Bad Girl† 27). As Barbie gets ready to turn the big 4-2, it is unreal to think that she has completed her last makeover. No doubt that as time changes and people’s attitudes towards life change, this timely doll will also be forced to adjust to the needs of society. With more than 75 successful careers, her own official website, and a namesake magazine, this little doll has become more than a child’s plaything. Whether we love her or hate her, she will always be a part of us all.

Dalton Trumbos Johnny Got His Gun: The Horror Of War :: War World War I

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A Letter to College Freshmen Students :: essays research papers

As a new freshman entering this Community College, you will be discovering and experiencing many new things about the world in which you live and yourself. The jump from high school to college can be a very scary but exciting experience. I have some valuable advice for you on how to make this transition smoother and an enjoyable experience rather than a scary and lonely one. My number one piece of advice is for you to enter this experience with an open mind. If you come into this new situation with a good outlook and a positive attitude, your experience will be a lot more rewarding. Now that you are on your own and have very limited restrictions, it can be easy to slip into bad habits that could get you into trouble. Here you do not have a parent to tell you when to go to bed, or when to study, or not to go out, or not to party, or to remind you to go to class. It is all up to you and your self-control. You must have great self-discipline and a motivated attitude in order to succeed. You have to want to be here and make the best of your experience. This one being your first year in college, you may have trouble concentrating while you study. Some techniques that can help your concentration are being selective, relaxing, and over learning. Being selective means to make choices about what is most important to learn. When you are studying, you should be able to know what may or may not be on the test, your notes for the week can be helpful. In addition, pay attention to charts, tables, and illustrations that you think may appear on the test. Relaxing is a good technique to use because when you are relaxed you are able to absorb more information. One way to relax is to use a breathing technique (inhale, count from one to ten, and exhale, and count from one to ten, and so on). Over learning can help you fight mental vagueness. When you are struggling in a class, it is best for you to learn more than you need to know about the subject. You can use these techniques every time you are studying or when you cannot concentrate. A Letter to College Freshmen Students :: essays research papers As a new freshman entering this Community College, you will be discovering and experiencing many new things about the world in which you live and yourself. The jump from high school to college can be a very scary but exciting experience. I have some valuable advice for you on how to make this transition smoother and an enjoyable experience rather than a scary and lonely one. My number one piece of advice is for you to enter this experience with an open mind. If you come into this new situation with a good outlook and a positive attitude, your experience will be a lot more rewarding. Now that you are on your own and have very limited restrictions, it can be easy to slip into bad habits that could get you into trouble. Here you do not have a parent to tell you when to go to bed, or when to study, or not to go out, or not to party, or to remind you to go to class. It is all up to you and your self-control. You must have great self-discipline and a motivated attitude in order to succeed. You have to want to be here and make the best of your experience. This one being your first year in college, you may have trouble concentrating while you study. Some techniques that can help your concentration are being selective, relaxing, and over learning. Being selective means to make choices about what is most important to learn. When you are studying, you should be able to know what may or may not be on the test, your notes for the week can be helpful. In addition, pay attention to charts, tables, and illustrations that you think may appear on the test. Relaxing is a good technique to use because when you are relaxed you are able to absorb more information. One way to relax is to use a breathing technique (inhale, count from one to ten, and exhale, and count from one to ten, and so on). Over learning can help you fight mental vagueness. When you are struggling in a class, it is best for you to learn more than you need to know about the subject. You can use these techniques every time you are studying or when you cannot concentrate.

An Evil Cradling †Into the dark †use of language Essay

Throughout the chapter ‘Into The Dark’, Keenan goes through some distinct phases of mental states, each caused by a previous one and ultimately by his imprisonment. He uses a various range of strong descriptions to portray his condition, ideas, thoughts and impressions. The unusual syntax used throughout the chapter conveys the states of mind which he goes though, guiding the reader into the prisoner’s world. Keenan uses various techniques to convey the feeling of human degradation that he went through during the first period of his captivity. One of these is the enumeration of adjectives or nouns which communicate the misery to which he was reduced to. Such examples include the ‘old, ragged, filthy cover’ which suggest the grimy circumstances in which he had to live in. The ‘excrement, sweat, the perspiration’ emphasise this obloquy through which he goes. ‘Sweat’ and ‘perspiration’ imply oppressive heat, a sensation of lack of air. The ‘excrement’ implies that in this already oppressive space, Keenan is ‘reduced to sleeping in the smell’ of his ‘own filth’. This feeling is further emphasised by the quotation ‘†¦ squat down over it. Defecate on it. I defecate (†¦ ) and then I carefully wrap my excrement†¦ ‘ These short, blunt sentences imply that Keenan wants to describe his condition as close to reality as possible, therefore not sparing the reader from any brusque or less polite words, because he was not spared from any unpleasantness either. The enumerations suggest the plentiful reasons of his never ending human degradation and exposure to filth. Keenan described himself as ‘a bag of flesh and scrape, a heap of offal tossed unwanted in the corner of this filthy room. ‘ This portrayal of himself, of ‘flesh’ and ‘heap of offal’ is dehumanizing as it reduces him to something repulsive and purely physical, thus overlooking the details that makes him human, such as feelings, mind and judgement. He is ‘tossed in the corner’, therefore not valuable for anyone. The fact that he is thrown in a ‘filthy’ corner further emphasise his lack of value and significance. All these show how Keenan’s self esteem and dignity was crushed, and he as a person was reduced to nothing more than a worthless and abhorrent body. This conveys the extreme human degradation though which he goes. Keenan’s lack of stimuli and life are described throughout the chapter, which gives the reader and idea of the feeling of endless emptiness though which the hostages go. Referring to his urine and drinking water going ‘From bottle to bottle, through me, this fluid will daily run’, Keenan uses these endless cycles of life to symbolise the monotonous days of his captivity. The phase ‘from bottle to bottle’ and ‘though me’ suggest a continuous flow, while the word ‘daily’ informs us of the length of one standard cycle. Keenan seems to live the same tedious days over and over again, making him feel lifeless and purposeless. The syntax of his writing implies dullness, repetition and lack of life as well. The phase ‘No sound, no noise, nothing. Yet I try to force this scream. Why can I not scream? But no noise comes from me. Not even a faint echo of cry. I am full with nothing. ‘ is a very good example for this point. His sentences are very short, implying the lack of thing and stimuli to talk about. ‘Why can I not scream? ‘ is almost a rhetoric question as he has no one to get an answer from. This highlights the lack of stuff to think about. And there are some sentences which are just an enumeration of words, like ‘No sound, no noise, nothing. ‘ The repetition of ‘no’ and ‘nothing’ throughout this chapter father emphasise the lack of stimuli, as there are no objects, persons or phenomena to ponder about. In the end the narrator expresses his despair by confessing that he is ‘full with nothing’, implying his frantic need of ‘something’ that he can ‘think about’, that can occupy his brain. Due to this prolonged lack of stimuli, Keenan becomes temporarily mentally unbalanced, with his senses going out of control.

Broken marriages among Overseas Filipino Workers Essay

One of the major problems that the country faces today is the issue of broken marriages among Overseas Filipino Workers (OFW). One of the major problems of OFWs is the struggle of broken families, these are caused by the feeling of loneliness, and the feeling of freedom from the long distance with their wives or husbands. This may also be caused by a situation that OFWs encounter, which is an active extramarital relationship (Pinoy OFW, 2012). The main problem here is the necessity to work abroad. If this situation is not handled, the consequences not only affect the couple but it greatly affects the child. The parents are most likely to be emotionally, financially troubled, and the worst is being socially stigmatized. (Government of Singapore, 2006). Severe psychological and behavioral problems are two to three times more prone to children with divorced families compared to non-divorced ones, Hetherington’s study (Dowling & Barnes, 2000). The solution to this problem is to de al with the local problems of the country. According to Dr. Clement Camposano (as cited in Susan, 2012) a migration anthropologist and senior instructor of the University of Asia and the Pacific (UA&P). The decision to go abroad is an economic choice, many Filipinos aim to invest to further their goals, professionals are paid poorly locally compared to the income opportunity that are open in different countries. A reason why Filpinos go abroad is the fact that companies locally offer low salary. This local disruption leads to the problem on which families have to be separated and possibly destroy their marriage. There are top reasons why Filipinos work abroad; one of them is the unstable economic situation of the country (Pinoy OFW, 2009).the climate changes, calamities and political demise are some factors that lead the Philippines into an unstable situation (Lopez, 2014). Filipinos are also in the face of struggle for employment in the Philippines, this may be the prevailing cause of why Filipinos go abroad in the first place (Pinoy OFW, 2009). According to the National Statistics Office of the Philippines (NSO, 2014) the Philippine unemployment rate averaged 8.96 since 1994 until present time, the Philippines decreased to 6.70 from 7 in the second quarter of the year. The Philippines has a high uneployment rate. These are only  some of the reasons why Filipinos work from afar from their families. The solution could only be done by the country’s leaders.This paper aims to suggest only an option to solving the crisis, the solution suggested is not the only answer to the phenomenon. A broken family could be prevented by self disciline and devotion to their families (Pinoy OFW, 2012). As said earlier, this solution could only be applied to the leaders. The leaders should aim to fix the problems on a smaller scale, within local bounderies. If the suggestion is to be taken in to action, the issue of broken families could be solved. Filipinos would not have the necessity to go abroad if the opportunities in the country are upright and befitting to the professional attainment of its members. Bibliography Dowling, E., & Barnes, G. G. (2000). Working with children and parents through separation and divorce. houndmills, England: Macmillan Press LTD. Government of Singapore. (2006, November 1). Effects of Divorce. Retrieved October 7, 2014, from Syariahcourt: http://app.syariahcourt.gov.sg/syariah/front-end/abtdivorce_effectsofdivorce_e.aspx Lopez, E. (2014). Unstable growth and political demise. The Manila Times. Philippines, N. S. (2014, September 10). Philippines unemployment rate. Retrieved October 7, 2014, from Trading Economics: http://www.tradingeconomics.com/philippines/unemployment-rate Pinoy OFW. (2009, November 1). 8 reasons why many Filipinos work abroad. Retrieved October 7, 2014, from Pinoy-OFW: http://www.pinoy-ofw.com/news/355-reasons-why-many-filipinos-like-to-work-abroad.html Pinoy OFW. (2012, November 28). 19 common OFW problems, causes, and how to prevent them. Retrieved October 7, 2014, from Pinoy-OFW: http://www.pinoy-ofw.com/news/24177-ofw-problems.html Susan, K. ( 2012). Is it choice or necessity? Philippine daily inquirer.